一步步做raid5+lvm实验

2023-04-24 19:02| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

一步步做raid5+lvm实验精选转载

sookk 2010-06-19 14:38:36 博主文章分类：Linux

文章标签职场休闲 raid5 lvm 文章分类运维

实验目的： 1。将sdb，sdc,sdd3块硬盘组成raid5模式 2。建立LVM 3。模拟故障，sdc出故障，删除该硬盘，再重新添加硬盘，恢复raid5 4。增加LVM容量实验步骤 1，格式化3块硬盘 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //格式化/dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n //增加一个新的分区 Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p //创建主分区 Partition number (1-4): 1 //分区号为1 First cylinder (1-130, default 1): //设置分区大小 Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-130, default 130): Using default value 130 Command (m for help): t //改变系统的ID Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): fd //设置系统HEX为fd，即raid模式 Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect) Command (m for help): w //保存 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc //格式化/dev/sdc Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-130, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-130, default 130): Using default value 130 Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): fd Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect) Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd //格式化/dev/sdd Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-130, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-130, default 130): Using default value 130 Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): fd Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect) Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# fdisk -l //查看分区情况 Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 268 2048287+ 83 Linux /dev/sda3 269 395 1020127+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 396 1044 5213092+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 396 522 1020096 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 523 1044 4192933+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 130 1044193+ fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 130 1044193+ fd Linux raid autodetect 建立raid5 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdb1 /d ev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 //创建raid5，/dev/md0阵列设备名，level=5阵列模式raid5，raid-device=3raid有3块硬盘 mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat //查看数据同步情况 Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[3] sdc1[1] sdb1[0] 2088192 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [UU_] [========;............] recovery = 40.0% (419060/1044096) finish=1.4min speed=7423K/sec unused devices: [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat //看到这个说明同步结束 Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[2] sdc1[1] sdb1[0] 2088192 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] unused devices: [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# tail /var/log/messages //查看系统日志 Jun 1 11:34:10 RHEL5-1 kernel: md: syncing RAID array md0 Jun 1 11:34:13 RHEL5-1 kernel: md: minimum _guaranteed_ reconstruction speed: 1000 KB/sec/disc. Jun 1 11:34:15 RHEL5-1 kernel: md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for reconstruction. Jun 1 11:34:19 RHEL5-1 kernel: md: using 128k window, over a total of 1044096 blocks. Jun 1 11:36:01 RHEL5-1 kernel: md: md0: sync done. Jun 1 11:36:01 RHEL5-1 kernel: RAID5 conf printout: Jun 1 11:36:01 RHEL5-1 kernel: --- rd:3 wd:3 fd:0 Jun 1 11:36:01 RHEL5-1 kernel: disk 0, o:1, dev:sdb1 Jun 1 11:36:01 RHEL5-1 kernel: disk 1, o:1, dev:sdc1 Jun 1 11:36:01 RHEL5-1 kernel: disk 2, o:1, dev:sdd1 建立raid5的配置文件 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# echo device /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 ; /etc/mdadm.conf [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf device /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=3 UUID=36f261b7:4899a54c:9edf36d1:9eb86529 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0 //停止阵列 mdadm: stopped /dev/md0 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mdadm -As /dev/md0 //启动阵列 mdadm: /dev/md0 has been started with 3 drives. 2 建立LVM [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/md0 //建立PV Physical volume "/dev/md0" successfully created [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# vgcreate lvm1 /dev/md0 //建立VG Volume group "lvm1" successfully created [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# vgdisplay //查看VG --- Volume group --- VG Name lvm1 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 1.99 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 509 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 509 / 1.99 GB VG UUID h7d74U-S38z-rQrw-ecGG-ePlg-48b5-87sbC1 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# lvcreate -L 500m -n web1 lvm1 //建立LV ，名为web1，大小为500M Logical volume "web1" created [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# lvcreate -L 500m -n web2 lvm1 //建立LV ，名为web2，大小为500M Logical volume "web2" created [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/lvm1/web1 //格式化web1 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 128016 inodes, 512000 blocks 25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152 63 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2032 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/lvm1/web2 //格式化web1 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 128016 inodes, 512000 blocks 25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152 63 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2032 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mkdir /web1 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mkdir /web2 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mount /dev/lvm1/web1 /web1 //挂载 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mount /dev/lvm1/web2 /web2 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# vi /etc/fstab //编辑/etc/fstab，让系统启动时自动挂载 LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/var /var ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=/tmp /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 LABEL=SWAP-sda5 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/lvm1/web1 /web1 ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/lvm1/web2 /web2 ext3 defaults 0 0 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# reboot 查看/web1的容量 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# df -h /web1 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/lvm1-web1 485M 11M 449M 3% /web1 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/md0 VG Name lvm1 PV Size 1.99 GB / not usable 3.25 MB Allocatable yes PE Size (KByte) 4096 Total PE 509 Free PE 259 Allocated PE 250 PV UUID HSyAfx-Qxdv-b6id-01sZ-eRVC-HWAj-By3ctA 3模拟故障 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdc1 //标记/dev/sdc1为故障盘 mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md0 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# more /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[2] sdc1[3](F) sdb1[0] //[F]表示为故障盘 2088192 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [U_U] unused devices: [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdc1 //移除故障盘 mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc1 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# more /proc/mdstat //查看阵列情况 Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[2] sdb1[0] 2088192 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [U_U] unused devices: [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# pvdisplay /dev/md0 //查看PV情况，发现容量没减少 --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/md0 VG Name lvm1 PV Size 1.99 GB / not usable 3.25 MB Allocatable yes PE Size (KByte) 4096 Total PE 509 Free PE 259 Allocated PE 250 PV UUID HSyAfx-Qxdv-b6id-01sZ-eRVC-HWAj-By3ctA [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc //重新格式化sdc，重新添加进阵列 Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 Partition 1 is already defined. Delete it before re-adding it. Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): fd Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdc1 //增加 mdadm: re-added /dev/sdc1 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# more /proc/mdstat //开始同步数据 Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdc1[1] sdd1[2] sdb1[0] 2088192 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [U_U] [==;..................] recovery = 12.2% (128796/1044096) finish=2.1min s peed=7155K/sec unused devices: [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/md0 VG Name lvm1 PV Size 1.99 GB / not usable 3.25 MB Allocatable yes PE Size (KByte) 4096 Total PE 509 Free PE 259 Allocated PE 250 PV UUID HSyAfx-Qxdv-b6id-01sZ-eRVC-HWAj-By3ctA [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# vgdisplay lvm1 --- Volume group --- VG Name lvm1 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 1.99 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 509 Alloc PE / Size 250 / 1000.00 MB Free PE / Size 259 / 1.01 GB VG UUID h7d74U-S38z-rQrw-ecGG-ePlg-48b5-87sbC1 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# df -h /web1 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/lvm1-web1 485M 11M 449M 3% /web1 4。增加LVM容量 [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# lvextend -L +50M /dev/lvm1/web1 //增加web1 50M Rounding up size to full physical extent 52.00 MB Extending logical volume web1 to 552.00 MB Logical volume web1 successfully resized [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/lvm1/web1 //刷新 resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem at /dev/lvm1/web1 is mounted on /web1; on-line resizing required Performing an on-line resize of /dev/lvm1/web1 to 565248 (1k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/lvm1/web1 is now 565248 blocks long. [root@RHEL5-1 ~]# df -h /web1 //查看 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/lvm1-web1 535M 11M 498M 3% /web1 打赏赞收藏评论分享举报

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